The real exchange rate (RER) can be considered one of the most important relative price of economics, given the influence it exerts on many other prices and variables, and may be overvalued, among other factors, as a symptom of the existence of a Dutch disease process. Thus, seeking to prove...

In this paper, we describe the operation of the foreign exchange (FX) market in Brazil and discuss the relations between prices of derivatives and spot prices. A literature review of interventions in the FX market is done. Then, we study, in a descriptive way, the interventions of the Central...

In this study we examine how the use of private and public transport has changed since the early 2000s in Brazilian cities. We analyzed data on the changing patterns of consumption of transportation goods and services by Brazilian families over the last 20 years. We also analyzed how urban...