This study aims to test the existence of cointegration between variables that are typically used to estimate the existence of exchange rate misalignment for a sample of developed and developing countries, many of whom are members of the G20. The methodology consists in cointegration analysis...

This paper has as main objective to estimate the bilateral misalignment from the methodology described by Alberola et al. (1999) for the main Brazilian trade partners. Therefore, we present the main approaches used to estimate the multilateral real exchange rates and description of the...

The real exchange rate (RER) can be considered one of the most important relative price of economics, given the influence it exerts on many other prices and variables, and may be overvalued, among other factors, as a symptom of the existence of a Dutch disease process. Thus, seeking to prove...

In this study we examine how the use of private and public transport has changed since the early 2000s in Brazilian cities. We analyzed data on the changing patterns of consumption of transportation goods and services by Brazilian families over the last 20 years. We also analyzed how urban...