This study estimated ad-valorem equivalent (AVE) for non-tariff measures (NTM) applied by 81 countries to 5.321 products in six-digit products of the harmonized system (HS). For that, the study follow the method developed by Kee, Nicita e Olarreaga (2009) and the contributions brought by Beghin,...

In international literature, Brazil ranks among the most prolific countries in requesting non-tariff measures (NTMs) on their imports. When this incidence is translated into ad valorem equivalent, studies show that the costs that these measures represent place the country among the world's...

The objective of this study is to analyze the performance of Brazilian exports of industrialized products in the period 2005-2016, with approaches that allow identifying some factors that characterize this process, not only at the level of industrial activity as a whole, but also in terms of the...

This paper analyzes the effects of non-tariff measures on international trade, using a structural gravity model with 77 exporters, 63 importers, and all goods available in the 6-digit Harmonized System. Unlike most of the literature on the subject, we chose to estimate the effect of each measure...

A significant question in agricultural economic research is understanding how economic shocks affect the different links of a productive chain, since the gains and losses induced by them might spread in a non-uniform way among the different actors. In the face of a scenario that advocates a...

Income contingent loans (ICLs) are a financial tool that optimizes the transactional efficiencies involved in the government monopoly in taxing personal income. It protects the borrowers against periods of low income, as instalments vary according to fluctuations in their incomes over the...

It is discussed the weakening of special funds, as a mechanism for financing public policies. It operates on two fronts to support this fragilization. In the first one, innovations in the management of public resources are presented, making the funds expendable both to the linking of revenues...

This text presents an international overview of the economic measures adopted to reduce the serious economic effects of the Sars-COV-2 pandemic in three countries: the USA, the United Kingdom and Spain. The analysis is based primarily on government documents that regulated economic policy...

This text for discussion presents an exploratory analysis of the main measures of emergency economic policy adopted by the federal government of Brazil within the scope of the strategy to face the economic, social and public health crisis resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective is to...