Production fragmentation - dispersion of the individual steps involved in the production of a particular good across different countries and several companies - means that the fabrication of an increasingly large number of goods is taking place in global value chains, with different patterns of...

This paper aims to i) to present the main dimensions of the Global Value Chain approach (upgrading, governance and government policies); and ii) to investigate the impacts of intellectual property protection on the upgrading possibilities of developing countries by means of presenting of the...

The analysis of the domestic content of exports has called the attention of a number of authors in the last years, with the growing importance of global value chains. As long as manufacturing production is increasingly fragmented between several countries and firms, the country responsible for...

The purpose of this paper is to examine, from the perspective of international trade, the general characteristics of the operation of technical regulations, technical standardization and conformity assessment procedures (quality infrastructure) adopted by Chile, Mexico and Colombia. Next, the...

The literature has been showing that current import tariffs on industrialized products in Brazil are excessively high when compared to countries with similar income per capita. But there's a controversy over the best path to reduce the level of protection, whether through an unilateral tariff...

Despite the strong growth of the Latin American foreign trade in the 2000s, the integration of these countries in the global production and trade networks is relatively weak, what largely reflects these countries' specialization on goods intensive in natural resources. In general, the share of...

This work identifies the main characteristics of trade flows between Colombia and Venezuela with MERCOSUR, with specific discussion of trade with Brazil. It aims at providing a broad view of such trade flows, as well as presenting some descriptive indicators of such trade relationship. A special...

This Discussion Paper addresses the recent history and dynamics of relations between Brazil and Venezuela from the political-diplomatic, economic-commercial and security and defense dimensions. The study analyses decades of advances and setbacks in bilateral understandings between both countries...

This text aims to analytically reflect on the decentralized execution process of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), especially after an innovation that occurred through Law No. 11.947/2009, with the requirement that all federative entities commit a minimum of 30% of financial transfers...

We estimate the effects of reductions in trade costs between the four original members of Souther Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur - Mercosur) on regional trade and on the Brazilian labor market, using the model developed by Caliendo, Dvorkin e Parro (2019), which features elements such as...