Tax enforcement costs constrain the government s ability to observe economic transac- tions, giving rise to hard-to-tax (HTT) markets. In these markets transactions are untaxed and consumers are better o¤ than in taxed markets. This paper studies a novel approach to combat evasion in HTT...

Este trabalho procurou estimar os efeitos das mudanças ocorridas no sistema de educação fundamental brasileiro com relação à descentralização sobre o desempenho do setor, sendo o conceito de descentralização entendido de modo mais amplo do que em trabalhos anteriores, incorporando...

We estimate the effects of unconditional (full fiscal decentralization) versus conditional (partial fiscal decentralization) block grants on local public spending in Brazilian municipalities. Our results suggest that the effect of unconditional and conditional transfers do not differ...

This study assesses the impact of unconditional transfer resources on the health indicators of Brazilian municipalities. This transfer refers to the Participation Fund of Municipalities (FPM) where at least 15% of its value should be spent on public health. Based on a discontinuity of the rules...