evidence of large heterogeneities among demographic groups. Interestingly, unemployment rates in levels across demographic … groups are not necessarily aligned with the sensitivity of these demographic groups’ (un)employment and participation rates …

unemployment that is in line with this empirical regularity and the findings for the other emerging markets and regional peers. We … European debt crisis. When investigating whether various expenditure components of GDP may cause different unemployment … improve forecasting of unemployment. …

, sector division, unemployment and welfare. …

-employment to analyze the implications of introducing universal unemployment protection for informal workers through transfers …, which are conditional on participation in training programs. We study how changes in unemployment benefits (UB) for … increasing training UB reduces unprotected unemployment and improves labor market outcomes through higher formal salaried …

Wages are only mildly cyclical, implying that shocks to labour demand have a larger short-run impact on unemployment …

, greater average firm productivity, a larger formal employment share, and a marginally lower unemployment rate. …