immigrants and natives become noticeable when activities are distinguished by incidence and intensity. We develop a theory of the … process of assimilation-what immigrants do with their time-based on the notion that assimilating activities entail fixed costs …. The theory predicts that immigrants will be less likely than natives to undertake such activities, but conditional on …

"Audit studies testing for discrimination have been criticized because applicants from different groups may not appear … unobservable determinants of productivity can still generate spurious evidence of discrimination in either direction. This paper … shows how to recover an unbiased estimate of discrimination when the correspondence study includes variation in applicant …