We argue that there are serious biases in public infrastructure productivity estimates which are based on a production function, or a cost function framework. These biases arise because public infrastructure has important effects on the demands, as well as prices of the factors of production. In...

This study measures the time-period-specific industrial price and output effects of cost-related variables (transportation cost, wage rate, and interest rate) by utilizing the Dynamic Variable Input-Output (VIO) model. The Dynamic Variable Input-Output (VIO) model extends the static single...