Hub-and-spoke (HS) networks are cost-effective because they allow the realization of economies of density. However, the cost of point-to-point (PP) networks may be lower than that of HS networks when certain conditions, such as cargo demand, bunker price, vessel size, and the shippers’ value...

Several ports want cruise ships to call at their ports for economic benefits. However, the main cause of concern is the complexity of port selection behavior for cruise lines. Tracking cruise ship movement data may help them understand the port selection behavior of cruise lines. This study...

Seaports are crucial in modern global supply chain networks and systems, exerting a significant impact on the ecological area's economy. Supply chain entities play a substantial integration role, and potential threats at seaports harm chain continuity. This study proposes a rough set-based...