Using a novel method to measure racism at the individual and country level, we show, our measure of racism has a strong negative and significant impact on economic development, quality of institutions, education and social capital. We test different hypotheses concerning the origin of racism and...

We show that differences in present levels of racism within a sample of former European colonies can be traced back to historical institutions. Our identification strategy relies on the reversal of fortune, a historical shock capturing the exogenous establishment of different institutions during...

I study the impact of racism on trust in Europe. To operationalize trust and racism, I use individual level responses from the European Social and World Value Surveys. The results of the multivariate analysis indicate, individuals who possess a self-reported racist attitude are less likely to be...