We apply the EMF 23 study design to simulate the effects of the reference case and the scenarios to European natural gas supplies to 2025. We use GASMOD, a strategic several-layer model of European natural gas supply, consisting of upstream natural gas producers, traders in each consuming...

The main aim of models has never been to provide numbers, but insights. Still, challenges prevail for modelers to use the best configuration of their models to provide helpful insights. In the case of energy system modelling, this becomes even more complicated due to increasing complexity of the...

The energy supply needs to be CO2 free, save and affordable. Fossil fuels especially oil but also gas will become more scarce and expensive. The fossil energy source coal will last much longer. If we would however burn all the coal we find, the level of greenhouse gases would rise steeply. If we...

This paper summarizes results from ten global economy-energy-environment models implementing mechanisms of endogenous technological change (ETC). Climate policy goals represented as different CO2 stabilization levels are imposed, and the contribution of induced technological change (ITC) to...

Climate change is a long-term issue due to the long lifespan of greenhouse gases (GHG) and the delayed response of the climate system. This paper investigates the long-term economic consequences of both climate change impacts and mitigation efforts by applying the multi-regional, multi-sectoral...

Trade and climate change policies are closely related. We consider in a general equilibrium model the role of trade restrictions and energy-efficient technology transfers for the stabilisation of the Kyoto climate coalition. We find that a trade restriction policy leads to economic losses for a...

An der Atlantikküste der USA haben die ökonomischen Schäden durch tropische Wirbelstürme in den letzten zehn Jahren dramatisch zugenommen. Es ist anzunehmen, dass ein Großteil der wirtschaftlichen Schäden darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass der Wohlstand der Bevölkerung gestiegen ist und...