the probability of not having enough capacity to satisfy demand, and since demand is uncertain, hospitals have to build … excess capacity and incur the associated costs. Using panel data comprising information for 43 Portuguese public hospitals … (outputs, the price of inputs, some of the hospitals’ organizational characteristics) and an additional term measuring the …

about 216 non-corporatized and 176 corporatized Portuguese hospitals for the period 2002–2009. Five models were applied … hospitals presented the highest efficiency consistency, they had also the lowest levels of productivity, while the hospitals …