Prophylactic treatment with bacterial lysate of infants with single heredity for atopy for 26 weeks in the 1st year of life is cost-effective at the age of 3 and 6 years, i.e. prophylactic use of bacterial lysate generated lower costs by leading to lower prevalence compared to placebo. </AbstractSection>...

Some bias can occur when an increase in non-target-disease-specific mortality is not considered when modelling the outcomes of screening tests. </AbstractSection> Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013