<title>Abstract</title> In <italic>The Economics of Welfare</italic>, Pigou develops the idea of what will be widely known as ‘Pigouvian tax’. Together with the concept of externality, they constituted two of the most important founding elements of modern welfare economics. Many have suggested that, on the way he treated...

In Industry and Trade, 'A study of industrial technique and business organization; and of their influences on the conditions of various classes and nations' (1919), Alfred Marshall develops a detailed analysis of scientific management, emphasizing not only its unquestionable advantages but also...