Existing formal models of the relationship between trade policy and regulatory policy suggest the potential for a regulatory race to the bottom. World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and disputes, however, center on complaints about excessively stringent regulations. This paper bridges the gap...

This paper develops a theory of the rules regarding standing and remedy in international trade and investment agreements. Regarding investment agreements, the paper argues that a credible government-to-firm commitment (or signal) that the capital importer will not engage in expropriation or...

Plaintiffs regularly bring cases in U.S. courts seeking damages for harms that have occurred abroad, attracted by higher expected returns than are available in the jurisdiction in which the harm arose. This paper focuses on the potential distortion of trade and investment patterns that can...