Economic development implies that the efficiency of firms in developing countries starts approaching that of firms from advanced economies. Various development policies have been pursued to achieve this convergence. We test for this convergence in two economies that represent alternative models...

We estimate returns to human capital during communism and the transition using data on 2,284 men in the Czech Republic. We show: (a) extremely low and constant rates of return to education under the communist wage grid and dramatic increases in transition, which do not differ by firm ownership,...

This paper provides improved estimates of technological change and the first estimates of factor bias in Polish industry. The analysis uses newly generated data on Western capital (the factor assumed responsible for technical change), adjusts capital for capacity utilization, and tests for more...