NAMA liberalisation alone will not be sufficient to achieve the development goals of the Doha Round. The structure of developing countries' economies and weaknesses in their infrastructure and institutions mean that adjustment to liberalisation is often costly and export responses slow. To make...

This article explores the impact of trade policy reforms on total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the Indian manufacturing sectors. For a range of measures of TFP growth, it explores the pre- and post-trade liberalisation performance at the two-digit manufacturing industry level. The results...

When the effective protection concept was first developed it was widely regarded as a key measure of the structure of protection and became widely deployed. It was however, subject to a theoretical critique on the grounds that it was essentially a partial equilibrium measure, which could not be...

Japan has promoted its exports by reducing the risks accompanying overseas sales through short-term facilities for exporters. Short-term export insurance schemes operated in line with rules on minimum premia are not prohibited according to current international trade rules. The insured amount of...