Defined contribution (DC) schemes whether unfunded or funded are often considered superior to defined benefit (DB) schemes in their ability to address labor market issues, particularly in encouraging formal employment and delayed retirement. Conceptually, the assessment is based on superior...

Disruptive factors related to technology, market integration, and social and demographic change imply upcoming changes in the needs of the labor force. This study reviews the current approach to active labor market policies (ALMPs) globally and, based on the evidence and accounting for these...