presence of selection effects and treatment heterogeneity. As an example we present an estimate of the TPE for a rural water …

and sending both to the low productivity sector. But, efficiency requires that they apply to both sectors because a higher …

Total Factor Productivity (TFP)is often used on the macro-economic level as an indicator of changes in efficiency of a … increasing and become positive after a (quite a) few years of transition. Many authors conclude that this is a gain in efficiency … increases in efficiency. To investigate this, the mathematical properties of TFP are analysed in order to generate new insights …

We consider the efficiency of Cournot and Bertrand equilibria in a duopoly with substitutable goods where firms invest …

association started with a voluntary benchmarking aimed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the sector. Secondly … efficiency of these two evolutions. In particular, we adapt Free Disposal Hull (FDH) to estimate robust and conditional non …-oriented efficiency estimates. Parametric COLS (Fourier) tests show the robustness of the model with respect to the specification and its …

efficiency, fairness and a new axiom called component balancedness. This latter axiom compares for every component in the …