unions can be desirable for income redistribution. Unions bargain with firms over wages in each sector and firms unilaterally … determine employment. Unions raise the efficiency costs of income redistribution, because unemployment benefits and income taxes …This paper extends the Diamond (1980) model with labor unions to study optimal income taxation and to analyze whether …

altruistic managers may offer lower wages and nevertheless build up better social-exchange relationships with their employees …

In a corporatist country, of which the Netherlands is an example, wages should not be distinguished by union membership …

make it easier for them to switch employers than for the part-time educated auditors. The predictions on tenure and wages …

wages reflect this, with lower pay for greater uncertainty. We use the dispersion of exam grades within a field of education … as an indicator of the unobserved heterogeneity that employers face. We find solid evidence that starting wages are lower …

This research documents changes in employment and wages in the Netherlands for different types of workers. We compare … 2017 to 2023 using regression-adjusted wages to make sure changes in composition of the workforce do not influence our … slightly fallen. Wages have been rising for workers at the bottom of the wage distribution. From the median of the wage …

to only 3-4% of their wages. …