Due to taxes and subsidies, gasoline prices vary dramatically across countries. Externalities cannot fully account for … country's car fleet, help to explain differences in gasoline taxes even among countries with identical fundamentals. In the …

as the switchers' lowered VOT will increase their bottleneck-congestion externality. When the capacity effect dominates …, buying a robot imposes a net positive externality, but otherwise, it causes a net negative externality. Numerical analysis … suggests that a net positive externality is more likely; nevertheless, for a small, but still plausible, capacity effect a net …

autonomous vehicle may impose a net negative or positive externality, by raising the marginal external cost of autonomous cars … sensitivity, depending on the relative strength of the externality and of market power, where the former tends to raise it, and …