Ozgen, Ceren; Nijkamp, Peter; Poot, Jacques - Tinbergen Instituut - 2011
-2005. Innovation outcomes are measured by means of the number of patent applications per million inhabitants. Given the geographical … concentration and subsequent diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrants' location choices, we take … of McDonald's restaurants as a novel instrument for immigration. The results confirm that innovation is clearly a …