The German city of Freiburg has experienced an enormous and unprecedented rise in the demand for local public transport since the early 1980s. This study investigates the causes of this dramatic increase in the popularity of both tram and bus use. Although traffic restraint measures and...

New data from fourteen European countries on passenger and freight rail transport reveal the significant role of fares, subsidies and, especially, quality variables in explaining the large variation in the demand for rail across Europe. High train frequencies in Switzerland and the Netherlands...