In this article, we show that vehicle type ownership is spatially dependent at both the regional and household-level even after controlling for income and population density. We discuss reasons for the existence of spatial effects in vehicle ownership, and note potential implications for...

Estimation of congestion costs, presumed to be one of the largest external costs of automobile travel, is typically based on a single value of time delay for motorists in metropolitan areas. However, the estimation may be wrong if the profiles of motorists are different at different times of...