Road pricing is increasingly used as an economic tool to decrease the burden of transport externalities. Following the examples of several cities worldwide, on 2nd January, 2008, the city of Milan introduced a charge for accessing the city centre with the aim of curbing air pollution and...

In recent decades, owing to a series of public debt crises and constraints on government expenditure, infrastructure investment has dropped significantly in both developed and developing countries. To counterbalance this trend, Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) schemes have been increasingly...