In this paper, the Dynamic Traffic Routing problem is defined as the real-time point diversion of traffic during non-recurrent congestion. This dynamic traffic routing problem is then formulated as a feedback control problem that determines the time-dependent split parameters at the diversion...

Past research on the cost structure of urban bus transportation shows conflicting results with respect to key economic issues such as economies of scale and other properties of the underlying technology. It is hypothesized that these results stem from three major problems areas: the form of the...