This paper considers the theory of congestion tolls when the time valuations by different users are not identical. The conditions for an improvement in the aggregate consumers' surplus under a rise in user charge are investigated.

Because an expansion of roads will shift the demand curves for interdependent roads, it may appear difficult to determine the consumer surplus generated by road projects. An extensive literature discusses different measures of consumer surplus, and the conditions under which the different...

This paper explores the impact of airport noise regulation on airline service quality and airfares. It also characterizes the socially optimal stringency of noise limits, taking both noise damage and the various costs borne by airlines and their passengers into account. The analysis also...

This paper explores the effect of airline emissions charges on airfares, airline service quality, aircraft design features, and network structure, using a detailed and realistic theoretical model of competing duopoly airlines. These impacts are derived by analyzing the effects of an increase in...