This paper contemplates the robustness of Thirlwall’s Law, a parsimonious expression that relates long run equilibrium growth in any one region to the product of world income growth and the ratio of the income elasticities of demand for exports and imports. Various extensions of the...

This paper discusses the treatment of growth as a path-dependent process in Post-Keynesian macrodynamics. A synthetic Post-Keynesian growth model is used to demonstrate the ways in which growth can be described as path dependent in the Post-Keynesian tradition. Recent developments in...

This chapter argues that, while much attention has been paid to developments in the financial sector as causes of the Great Recession, the ultimate cause of the crisis was, in fact, longer term trends in the real economy. Specifically, it is argued that the tendency for real wages to grow slower...

Beyond agreement on the basic principles of money’s endogeneity, the development of Post-Keynesian monetary theory has been characterized by considerable dissent and debate. One important aspect of this debate concerns the shape of the credit supply curve in quantity of credit/interest rate...

This paper contributes to the debate about whether or not inflation targeting is compatible with Post Keynesian economics. It does so by developing a model that takes into account the potentially inflationary consequences of interest rate manipulations. Evaluations of the macroeconomic...

Recent Kaldorian growth models emphasize the need to reconcile the demand-led actual rate of growth and the potential rate of growth. This issue is revisited in light of criticism suggesting it is a “red herring.” An explicit model of the supply side is used to show that, in a mature...

The outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008 witnessed a marked contraction in US consumption spending that had hitherto been boosted by historically high levels of household debt-financing. These events question the validity of conventional models of consumption based on the life-cycle...

Previous analyses of macroeconomic imbalances have employed models that either focus exclusively on real-side effects or financial-side disturbances. Structuralist models make the highly unrealistic assumption that financial surplus firms effortlessly and costlessly transfer those surpluses to...

The historical growth record is reviewed and growth is shown to have resulted in divergence between the incomes of fast growing rich economies and slower growing poorer economies. Supply-led, neoclassical growth is then contrasted with demand-led, Keynesian growth. Three Keynesian growth...

We construct a multi-agent system (MAS) model of cyclical growth in which aggregate fluctuations result from variations in activity at firm level. The latter, in turn, result from changes in the state of long run expectations (SOLE) or “animal spirits” and their effect on firms' investment...