A secure energy supply is important for Japan, but it is becoming difficult to attain due to increasing energy demand in emerging countries. In addition, the achievement of a low-carbon society is strongly related to energy security. This study aims to evaluate energy security performances in...

Although much uncertainty exists in simulating future climate profiles with earth system models (ESMs), it has not been evaluated in relation to socioeconomic aspects. In this study, we analyze the socioeconomic impact of three emission pathways, all of which possibly achieve 4.5 W/m2 of...

The role of unconventional resources (e.g., oil sands and extra-heavy oil) is anticipated to increase in the global oil market. Although we are facing a scarcity of conventional (low cost) oil resources, unconventional oil resources might manage (for a period of time) to supply constraints in...

Cumulative CO2 emission is a good indicator for climate stabilization. It has recently been used in socioeconomic research dealing with climate mitigation. However, previous studies do not focus on the socioeconomic impacts of choosing different emission pathways under fixed cumulative CO2...

A secure energy supply is important for all countries. This is especially true for EU countries for geopolitical reasons and because of ongoing reforms in energy markets. This study aims to understand how the energy security of EU countries has evolved by applying three energy security...

Cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become a good indicator of increases in the global mean temperature. This study evaluates the relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions, their pathways, and their socioeconomic impacts. We analyzed multiple emission pathways that achieve three...