In this note, we estimate time series of shadow prices for Swedish emissions of CO2, SO2 , and VOC for the period 1918 … found for Swedish data on the three emissions. A Shephard distance function approach is used to estimate a structural model … of the industry’s production process in order to calculate the opportunity costs of a reduction in the emissions. We …

emissions on macro level, and two of them focus on the effects of changes in consumption and income on the environmental quality … increase in energy efficiency, affects consumption choice by Swedish households and thereby emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2 … keeps CO2 emissions at their initial level. In addition, we estimate how this will affect emissions of sulphur dioxide and …

affected emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx). More specifically we examine how … exogenous technological progress in terms of an increase in energy efficiency affects consumption and emissions. Due to the … change in energy efficiency we calculate the necessary change in the CO2 tax to keep CO2 emissions at the initial level, and …

In this paper, we calculate time series of shadow prices for Swedish emissions of CO2, SO2, and VOC for the period 1918 … Kuznets curves (EKC) previously found in Swedish data for these three emissions. A directional distance function approach is … emissions to be calculated. We attribute the annual changes in the shadow prices to the main causal factors by decomposing them …