Longitudinal studies in which exposures, confounders and outcomes are measured repeatedly over time have the potential to allow causal inferences about the effects of exposure on outcome. There is particular interest in estimating the causal effects of medical treatments (or other interventions)...

In the presence of dependent competing risks in survival analysis, the Cox proportional hazards model can be utilised to examine covariate effects on the cause-specific hazard function for each type of failure. The method proposed by Lunn and McNeil (1995) requires data augmentation. With k...