Using comprehensive data for West Germany, this paper investigates the determinants of establishment exit. We find that … in a number of ways. -- firm exits ; Germany …

Using a large administrative dataset for Germany, this paper compares employment developments in exiting and surviving … establishments. For both West and East Germany we find a clear "shadow of death" effect reflecting lingering illness: establishments … are more clearly visible in West than in East Germany. Our results also hold when applying a matching approach. -- firm …

In Deutschland zahlen Arbeitgeber traditionell den gleichen Tariflohn für Gewerkschaftsmitglieder und -nichtmitglieder …In Germany, employers used to pay union members and non-members in a plant the same union wage in order to prevent …