This paper argues that it is now appropriate and possible to undertake a thorough review of local economic initiatives (LEIs). The key theoretical point of the paper is to demonstrate that, from the viewpoint of economic efficiency, the marginal costs for each LEI instrument of achieving a...

This paper examines the hypothesis that firms located in large urban areas suffer from location diseconomies which significantly reduce their profitability and propensity to create employment. This hypothesis is tested on a sample of companies located within a single region, the north of...