This article seeks empirical evidence of how the Finnish electricity distribution companies have responded to regulatory incentives in the rate of return regulation. The effects of regulation on company behaviour were studied by a questionnaire and interview survey. After more than ten years of...

The Russian power sector reform initiated in 2001 endeavored to introduce competition into major segments of the Russian electricity market. This paper examines how far the reforms have advanced in the retail electricity market and discusses social, political and technological barriers to market...