In this paper we revisit the debate on the role of vertical integration in the energy sectors: whether vertical integration between coal and electricity sectors is a path to create a competitive electricity market in China. We discuss coal-power conflict and potential anti-competitive concerns...

According to the Agreement on Stabilization and Integration to European Union, Serbia is obligatory to implement reforms in power sector and its power policy must be in accordance with the European Union power policy. Power sector reforms in Serbia have been started, and certain results were...

Romania is a net exporter of electricity to the SE Europe region. Its performance of this role will increase in importance with (a) the completion of another nuclear generator and (b) improvement in capacity for international transmission. Romania has committed itself to an electricity...

As a new member state of the EU, Slovenia has been required to adopt EU legislation in full. The Slovenian electricity market has been partially opened since 2001. From 1 July 2007, when households became eligible customers, the electricity market opened fully. The electricity reforms carried...

The Chinese freight railways system has been under capacity pressure and apparently acting as a constraint on continued economic growth for several years now. Earlier government consideration of serious structural reforms has given way to an emphasis on a dramatic expansion of the track network,...