The adoption of takeover protections, from the empirical side, has been focused to find supporting evidence to the entrenchment hypothesis or to the shareholder value hypothesis. The expected result is a negative impact on shareholder wealth when decisions for additional takeover defenses are...

The European private equity market has expanded meaningfully over the past few decades, with leveraged buyouts having averaged more than 50 billion euros per year in 2010–2016. This paper examines investment flows within Europe, as well as between Europe and the rest of the world at two...