Since 2000, the individual monthly payments from the Germany Statutory Pension Insurance Scheme (GRV) to new male pensioners have been declining. Those entering retirement today receive an average of 7 percent less than those who retired ten years ago. At the same time, the number of recipients...

This paper contributes to the well-being and poverty discussion with an analysis of interdependent multidimensional (IMD) poverty of time and income, which in particular restricts social participation. The working poor focus is on the self-employed as (liberal) professionals and entrepreneurs....