China, India and Korea have come to the fore due to dynamic economic growth and particularly as new competitors on global technological markets. Their catch up process started with technology transfer in consequence of foreign direct investment, its dynamic is determined by own investment in...

This article analyzes whether the decline in business investment in R&D during the crisis 2008/2009 was only a result of the general economic downturn or also affected by each country's R&D specialization. First we investigate international long-term changes in industry patterns of R&D to...