-tier informal workers leave employment or transition into other informal statuses, most transitions are from lower-tier informal …

preferred tax scenario reduces national absorption and employment by 1.2 and 0.6 per cent, respectively, by 2025. However, if … South Africa's trading partners unilaterally impose a carbon consumption tax then welfare and employment losses exceed those … of a domestic carbon tax. Border tax adjustments improve welfare and employment while maintaining the same emissions …