. Implicit borrowing in trade finance allows financially constrained firms to bridge the financing gap, expand employment by 8 …

preferred tax scenario reduces national absorption and employment by 1.2 and 0.6 per cent, respectively, by 2025. However, if … South Africa's trading partners unilaterally impose a carbon consumption tax then welfare and employment losses exceed those … of a domestic carbon tax. Border tax adjustments improve welfare and employment while maintaining the same emissions …