' transitions within the informal sector and between informal and formal employment. A binary logit model is applied to General … wage employed informal workers are likely to transit to formal employment, the likelihood being higher for the upper …-tier informal wage employed. While informally employed workers have a very high chance of transiting to formal employment, formal …

security of tenure as formal jobs. We examine the likelihood of individuals moving up from informal jobs to formal jobs (and … 'lower-tier' informal jobs, and somewhat better paid 'uppertier' informal jobs, which do not have the same benefits and … vice versa) and from lower-tier to upper-tier informal jobs using a longitudinal dataset for India. We find that self …

Informal self-employed traders in developing countries are vulnerable to shocks as they often lack access to social … insurance or formal finance. This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these urban traders in the capital … negative shocks to earnings, leading to a reduction in savings as well as worsening food security and assets. Individuals …

Costa Rica and Nicaragua, earnings are highest for formal work, next for upper-tier informal, and last for lower …We divide workers into six work statuses: formal self-employed, upper-tier informal self-employed, lower-tier informal … self-employed, formal wage-employed, upper-tier informal wage-employed, and lower-tier informal wage-employed. In both …

-tier informal to low-tier formal sector work. High-tier jobs are relatively closed off to those who started their career as low …-tier informal workers. We find that the earnings premium that low-tier informal workers could gain by switching is large and …We use long-spanning individual longitudinal data to examine the long-term labour market outcomes of low-tier informal …

pandemic has affected both the supply of and demand for informal manual freelancers in Mozambique. Using data from the digital …. These findings underline how the informal sector plays a valuable shock-absorbing role and that digital labour marketplaces …

(workers). Based on the universe of records from a matching platform for informal sector manual freelancers in Mozambique, we …

outside of the formal economy. This paper investigates whether the impact of increased exposure to trade on formal employment …

treated districts, particularly among workers in informal self-employment. While the gap in employment between the treated and … market outcomes, jeopardizing particularly the livelihoods of small business owners mainly operating in the informal economy. …