US, focusing on employment rates and income levels. First-wave Afghan refugees (those arriving 1980-90) have made … significant income and employment gains, while poverty rates and reliance on government assistance have decreased dramatically …/immigrant comparison groups. This is largely explained by lower employment levels, especially among less-educated Afghan women and highly …

pays particular attention to involuntary migrants who fled conflict in their home regions beginning in the 1970s. The paper …

wage-employment is not affected by migration, time-use model estimations reveal that wage-employed women are mostly …

that the refugee shock led to women being less likely to engage in employment outside the household and more likely to … refugee shock resulted in a higher likelihood of engaging in outside employment. On the other hand, higher exposure to the …

abroad do not positively influence the probability of migrants to undertake a new activity once back home; in contrast … the entrepreneurial behaviour of return migrants; and (iii) the entrepreneurial behaviour of return migrants is not …

less educated but also less likely to be rural than non-migrants. Return migrants find employment in higher earning … first isolate the outcomes of interest - income, employment status, household wealth based on both productive and non … function of their migration histories. Return migrants, current migrants, and (yet) non-migrants are distinguished. Transitions …

impact of random shocks on short-run shifts in selection into migration. The results suggest that the first Mexican migrants … crisis, migrants were positively selected relative to the military elite of the time. During the crisis, migrants became …