partly imported intermediates (= outsourcing or fragmentation) (ii) increased employment due to higher demand caused by an …

these stages. This paper looks at both cost minimising and equilibrium offshoring under different technological … wide range of production stages. There can be overshooting (off-shoring that is reversed as costs fall further) and … equilibrium may involve less off-shoring than is efficient"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site …

This paper presents first insights into the role of international outsourcing on the productivity of low …-skilled workers in EU manufacturing. Whereas in the short run international outsourcing exhibits a negative marginal effect on real … structure. The change in the outsourcing intensity since 1993 alone acounts for a long-run increase of about 3.3% in the real …