The import competition literature suggests that Chinese industrial policies and technological trends have altered the nature of competition with China so that it does not take place on a level playing field anymore. Empirical evidence about firms' reactions in developed economies to competition...

This paper attempts to quantify the impact of fragmentation on employment. Factor demand functions for labour and intermediates and mark up price equations derived from a Generalized Leontief cost function at industry level are estimated. Import prices and output prices influence the price of...