The import competition literature suggests that Chinese industrial policies and technological trends have altered the nature of competition with China so that it does not take place on a level playing field anymore. Empirical evidence about firms' reactions in developed economies to competition...

Using data on large and medium sized Austrian manufacturing firms this paper analyzes empirically in which way a high degree of export orientation and foreign production abroad, as two modes of serving foreign markets, are related to the growth performance of domestic production. Robust median...