One of the lessons learned from the German effort under the heading of Energiewende is the insight that simply shifting to renewables and recommending improving energy efficiency is not sufficient to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Combined with the expected radical change of technologies this...

In this paper we take up the challenge to integrate new aspects into macroeconomic modelling and to consider economic activities from an outcome-oriented perspective, so called functionalities. The basic idea is, that functionalities lie behind the demand for commodities and services and...

In order to meet the climate targets as set out in the Paris agreement - i.e., to stay "well below 2 °C" of global warming - a transformation of the socio-economic system towards climate neutrality is required. This transformation is connected to radical changes in most aspects of our daily...

Der öffentliche Sektor als Produzent und Konsument von Gütern und Dienstleistungen spielt für Fortschritte in Hinblick auf die ökologische Entwicklung eines Landes eine wichtige Rolle. Das Working Paper beschäftigt sich mit der Erfassung der ökologisch relevanten öffentlichen Ausgaben in...

This paper sets up an input-output system of the relevant ecosystem flows that determine the carbon cycle in the global ecosystem. Introducing energy as the value added component in the ecosystem, the flows can be expressed in "energy values". Linking the ecosystem input-output model with the...