We estimate a linear approximation of the market potential function derived in geography and trade models. Using a spatial econometric estimation approach, border effects can be identified by a differential impact of neighboring regions' purchasing power, depending on whether two regions are...

This paper investigates the impact of international outsourcing on total employment using two-digit manufacturing data for seven EU countries for the period of 1995-2000. As is common in other empirical work, international outsourcing is measured as imports in intermediate imports. Estimates...

Using a panel-data set of Austrian service exporting firms this paper examines the determinants of service exports at the firm-destination country level. We implement a random-effects Heckman sample selection firm-level gravity model as well as a fixed effects Poisson model. Expected firm-level...

This paper provides new insight into the firm-level employment impacts of trade cost changes at the industry level in the Austrian services sector. We apply a two-part model of firm survival (exit) and firm growth. Separate regressions for firm entry rates at the industry-region level complete...

Recent shocks to global value chains and geopolitical tensions have reignited the debate on domestic production of strategic goods and technologies. This paper proposes an analytical framework for identifying and prioritising activities and regions for potential reshoring policies combining...