commitments under trade agreements (multilateral and regional agreements) and applied tariffs- what is also known as tariffs … equivalent to a level of tariffs between 1.7 and 8.7 percentage points. …

model that incorporates bilateral tariffs and a number of indicators for the quality of infrastructure. The paper looks at … estimators, multilateral resistances for tariffs and remoteness are introduced in the gravity equation. Moreover, the robustness … included. The results can be summarised in four main findings: (i) bilateral tariffs, generally neglected in gravity regression …

Market access negotiations in merchandise trade at the multilateral level cover tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs …). While tariffs have been substantially reduced in earlier rounds, they remain high in certain areas and further reductions …

The WTO's plurilateral Information Technology Agreement (ITA) reduced tariffs to zero on many IT products. This paper … time in trade literatures. Inserting tariffs directly into the gravity equation breaks the ITAs impact down into four …

decoupling) or tariffs (tariff decoupling). Results yield three main insights. First, the projected welfare losses for the global …

conflict, based both on empirics (ex post analysis) and on simulations (ex ante analysis). Bilateral tariffs have increased on … leads to minor reductions in the tariffs to 16%. The trade conflict has led to a sizeable reduction in trade between the US …