Trade costs such as applied tariffs, transportation and insurance costs are amplified as they pass through the multiple …

that countries do vary tariffs. Most importantly, we find evidence that applied tariffs of tariff lines that are bound are … political economy determinants of tariffs and to factors related to the economic cycle. -- water in the tariff ; weak … in which traders operate.Binding tariffs at the WTO reduces the scope for their discretionary use. But, countries have …

relationships. -- Tariff ; Effective Protection ; Trade in Value Added ; International Outsourcing ; Asian Input-Output … series of counter-factual simulation methods aimed at isolating the specific contribution of changes in tariff policies, in … compare the average propagation length of a cost-push linked to a sudden change in tariff duties, identifying those sectors …

model that incorporates bilateral tariffs and a number of indicators for the quality of infrastructure. The paper looks at … estimators, multilateral resistances for tariffs and remoteness are introduced in the gravity equation. Moreover, the robustness … included. The results can be summarised in four main findings: (i) bilateral tariffs, generally neglected in gravity regression …

Economic theory suggests that countries' tariff commitments in trade agreements reflect their import market power at …-Uruguay Round applied tariffs and relying on the theoretical framework of the terms-of-trade motive for trade agreements, we … estimate hypothetical tariff commitments under current levels of market power and compare them with actual tariff commitments. …

protectionism and promoting global trade and investment. Ten years of trade monitoring later, and notwithstanding widespread anti …

When looking at the conditions of trade in natural resources the world appears upside down: tariff protection in … as in other sectors. On the other hand, tariff escalation is significant in natural resources sectors, where materials in … tariff escalation may be the result of an uncooperative trade policy. Specifically, tariff escalation and export taxes can be …