When looking at the conditions of trade in natural resources the world appears upside down: tariff protection in … natural resources sectors is generally lower than for overall merchandise trade, while export restrictions are twice as likely … tariff escalation may be the result of an uncooperative trade policy. Specifically, tariff escalation and export taxes can be …

at: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/dataset_e/dataset_e.htm -- GATS ; trade in services ; preferential trade …Preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on services have proliferated since 2000. This working paper briefly presents the … access commitments undertaken by WTO Members in PTAs go beyond GATS commitments and offers made in the context of the Doha …

averse, food exporters may use trade policy to shield the domestic economy from large price shocks. This creates a … activism. We test this theory with a new dataset that comprises monthly information on trade measures across 125 countries and ….e. the share of international trade covered by export restrictions) are positively correlated with the probability of …

The creation of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), in the Uruguay Round, and its entry into force in … international services trade within an increasingly open environment in many countries. Given the peculiarities of services trade … conventional cross-border trade (consumption abroad, commercial presence, and presence of natural persons) and its coverage, and …

the GATS to date — far fewer than under the GATT in merchandise trade. Also, governments appear to be generally hesitant …The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is broader in policy coverage than conventional trade agreements for … WTO Members have made abundant use of these possibilities. While most participants elected not to undertake bindings on …

To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This … addition to relevant elements of the WTO Agreements, particularly the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the General … Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody …

There has been virtually no liberalization under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) to date. Most … entered into force, in a limited number of sectors. The only significant exceptions are the accession schedules of recent WTO …

ready for a broad discussion of institutional and systemic challenges facing the multilateral trading system. -- GATT/WTO …Since the conclusion of the Uruguay Round in 1994 and the creation of the WTO in 1995, the functioning of the … few important initiatives on transparency and decision-making, most contributions on the functioning of the WTO have been …

Organization (WTO). With the aim of stimulating discussion, this paper asks the question of how trade, and WTO rules, can … contribute to the post-2015 development agenda? In reply, the author offers some thoughts on 10 contributions that trade, and WTO … role that trade will play in this agenda is neither clear, nor agreed. Yet an open, non-discriminatory, rules …

Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), adopted by WTO Members in 2014, seeks to expedite the movement, release and clearance of … World Trade Report. At the same time, many WTO Agreements already contain provisions aimed at facilitating trade procedures …The average international trade transaction is subject to numerous procedural and documentation requirements, which add …